Around 100 people gathered near a government building in Surabaya on Friday, AFP journalists estimated, to protest a fuel price hike and Prabowo's flagship free meals scheme.

Some demonstrators hurled rocks towards police and set fire to rubbish in the middle of the road, prompting officers to arrest them, the reporters saw.

Twenty-four protesters were arrested, Fatkul Khoir, a coordinator at rights group KontraS Surabaya, told AFP on Saturday.

Police questioned them until 3:30 am on Saturday but did not charge them, he said.

Surabaya police chief Luthfie Sulistiawan told reporters late Friday that officers had taken "firm actions" to push back protesters after some threw projectiles.

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He said there had been "dozens" of arrests but did not specify the number.

Protests erupted in several Indonesian cities this month after Prabowo's administration raised prices of non-subsidised gasoline by around 30 percent, seeking to ease budgetary pressures as the Middle East war weighs on global oil supplies.

Thousands of students took to the streets in the capital Jakarta to oppose both the fuel price hikes and to demand a halt to the multi-billion-dollar free meals scheme.

The initiative has been a cornerstone of Prabowo's political agenda but has received widespread criticism for being wasteful and linked to mass food poisonings. It has since been partly suspended.

Indonesia's biggest unrest since Prabowo took office in 2024 came in August and September, when nationwide protests took place initially over lavish perks for lawmakers.

However, they spiralled into an outburst of anger against security forces after a police vehicle ran over a delivery driver and killed him.

Rights groups said those protests resulted in 10 deaths and thousands of arrests, though most people have since been released.

In early June, hundreds of students rallied in Jakarta to protest the spending priorities of President Prabowo's government, and to protest against this week's decision to raise gasoline prices.

Calling the protest "Heading to Bankrupt Indonesia", university students marched towards central Jakarta's iconic Bundaran HI landmark. Organisers said some of the protesters were blocked from reaching the designated site by police and military personnel. 

The government has used subsidies to keep gasoline prices unchanged in Indonesia, despite a spike in global oil prices caused by the Iran war. But fiscal pressures on the budget from Prabowo's ambitious spending plans have been rising, prompting a substantial price rise in early June.

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